ABSTRACT
Resumo O ensaio avalia o impacto da Reforma Cabanis na configuração do modelo de formação em saúde que se tornou hegemônico no Brasil. Primeiro, discute o processo de construção social, ideológica e institucional do modelo de assistência à saúde da França pós-revolucionária. Em seguida, introduz os principais elementos da Reforma Cabanis, analisando aspectos curriculares e pedagógicos da nova proposta de ensino médico baseado em profissionalismo, disciplinaridade e especialização que resultou num sistema de ensino superior sem universidades. Depois avalia o processo histórico que resultou no "afrancesamento" do sistema educacional brasileiro, resultando num modelo de formação em saúde baseado em faculdades, hospitais, aulas, disciplinas, especialidades e diplomas.
Abstract This text assesses the impact of the Cabanis reform on the formation of the health training model which became hegemonic in Brazil. First, we shall briefly discuss the process of constructing the social, ideological, and institutional framework for healthcare in post-revolutionary France. Next the main elements of the Cabanis reform are introduced, analyzing curricular and pedagogical aspects of the new plan for medical education based on professionalism, disciplines, and expertise that resulted in a system of higher education without universities. This is followed by assessment of the historical process which resulted in the "Francization" of the Brazilian educational system, particularly in higher education and more specifically medical education, producing a model of health training based on colleges, hospitals, classrooms, disciplines, skills, and diplomas.
Subject(s)
History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Health Care Reform/history , Education, Medical/history , Schools, Medical/history , Universities/history , Brazil , Curriculum , Education, Professional/history , FranceABSTRACT
Doctor's task cannot be limited to medical practice and research. As a citizen of society, and above all as a professional, doctors should not evade their social responsibilities. This idea was systematically developed and widely diffused throughout Europe by Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis (1757-1808). He was not only a doctor, but also a philosopher and a politician who lived at the time of the French Revolution. His philosophy on the nature of medicine and the social role of the doctor is conceptualized in his idea of medical anthropology (science de l'homme, anthropologie). In order to understand why the social role of the doctor was particularly emphasized in and around France, Cabanis' medical anthropology should be analyzed in depth. His medical anthropology is composed of three major domains: physiology, ethics, and analysis of ideologies. The following ideas of his medical anthropology can be identified in the current articles of the French code of medical deontology. 1) Health and disease being a social problem, a social solution should be sought (1.6, 1.7, 1.10, 2.37, 2.44, 2.50); 2) Medical practice is in principle not a commercial service for profit, but rather a public service supported by the government's power (1.12, 1.19, 1.21, 2.55, 3.57, 3.67); 3) Doctors should maintain their professional autonomy by establishing and observing the principles of self-regulation (1.1, 1.5, 1.31, 2.50, 5.109, 5.110). Referring to the historical experience of French doctors, the Korean medical community should also enter into a broad and fundamental reflection on the nature of medicine and the social role of the doctor.
Subject(s)
Anthropology, Medical , Ethics , Europe , France , French Revolution , Philosophy , Physiology , Professional Autonomy , Social Problems , Social ResponsibilityABSTRACT
Son analizados los argumentos defendidos por Cabanis en el Rapports du physique et du moral de l'homme, tomando como punto de partida las Memorias Octava y Novena. Estas Memorias, dedicadas a analizar las influencias del régimen y del clima, permiten leer de otro modo los argumentos utilizados por Cabanis para explicar la relación entre las características físicas y los hábitos morales de individuos y razas. Son analizadas las deudas con la historia natural, particularmente con la teoría de la degeneración de Buffon; con la tradición médica hipocrática, fundamentalmente con la teoría de los humores, y con los estudios de anatomía y patología cerebral. Finalmente, examinamos el papel que la medicina y la higiene, pensadas como ciencias humanas y morales, poseen en los proyetos de la regeneración de la especie humana.